When it comes to getting the most out of your training one of the most important factors is to optimize your body’s hormonal response to training. Or at least that’s what a lot of people tell you. We hear all the time what to do to increase testosterone or growth hormone during our workouts. It’s something I used to put a lot of effort into a couple of years ago. That is until I got a better understanding of just how much hormones during and around training matter (or don’t.) So with that I’d like to offer you all a little different perspective on the subject at hand.
For those of us who are natural lifters, maximizing our own growth hormone and testosterone levels during training would seem to make perfect sense. We don’t have the benefit of supplementing with synthetic hormones so we’ll need to take advantage of the hormonal responses from training as much as possible. This is what I’ve heard over and over. Today I’m here to go as far as to say exercise-induced growth hormone doesn’t even promote anabolism at all. Now before you grab your pitchforks and chase me out-of-town, hear me out.
I don’t necessarily expect this to be a popular post and I’m sure there will be people who will disagree with me. Heck, I would have argued with myself in the past. It’s amazing how things can change the more you continue to learn isn’t it? Regardless of how popular I feel information I present to you will be, I think it’s best to provide you with the information and research we have available and let you decide for yourself what’s best.
I don’t pretend to know it all and I never will. I will always not only be presented with new info that could change the way I view things but I’ll also never stop searching for it myself either, much like I did for this article. I believe if you think you know it all, you truly know nothing. Nobody knows it all, not even the best in the business.
There is a lot of research out there on growth hormone and if you try to keep up with how to maximize your growth hormone levels from training (note this is just from training and nothing else) you could do some of the following things: Weight train, do low intensity cardio, do high intensity intervals, weight train with large muscle groups before the smaller groups, avoid carbs pre and post-workout, train fasted, don’t consume anything post-workout for 2 hours, take a number of different supplements and the list goes on and on. Some of these things not only don’t sound like the best way to increase muscle mass but many of them contradict each other. It’s with that I want to start getting into reasons why worrying about maximizing hormonal responses during training may not be the best idea.
It is common belief in the weightlifting community that hormones such as growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and testosterone released via resistance training supports muscular hypertrophy. Research has shown that although growth hormone supplementation can increase muscle strength and size in individuals with a clinical growth hormone deficiency, there isn’t really any evidence that the same effect occurs from exercise-induced changes in growth hormone in individuals with normal growth hormone levels.
Research done at the Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital showed that while there was an increase in lean body mass in individuals with a growth hormone deficiency when supplemented with growth hormone, the lean body mass was not from actual muscle. It was due to increased whole body protein synthesis. Hypertrophy of connective tissue and increased water retention were the main causes. Elevated growth hormone did not increase myofibrillar protein synthesis. (1)
Research has shown the acute activation proteins such as p70(S6K) and myofibrillar protein synthesis are strongly associated with long-term increases in muscular hypertrophy, while exercise-induced rise in growth hormone have no statistical association with hypertrophy. (2) Think about that for a minute and really let it sink in. It is long-term increases in muscle mass and not exercise-induced hormones that make the big difference.
It is known that exercising larger muscle groups increases growth hormone during exercise significantly while small muscle groups do not. This much I do not dispute. But if exercise-induced growth hormone was anabolic, it would stand to reason that working your larger muscles before the smaller ones would help increase protein synthesis and hypertrophy of those smaller muscles.
However, research done at McMaster University compared two training protocols. One that caused a large increase in growth hormone levels and another that maintained basal levels of growth hormone. In one protocol they worked out arms immediately following leg exercises (large muscle group) and in the other they did the same arm workout only on its own (small muscle group only.) The results showed that the arm only workout did not increase growth hormone, IGF-1, or testosterone but the paired leg and arm workout increased these hormones significantly. Despite the large increase in exercise-induced growth hormone from the leg group, there was no difference in the rate of protein synthesis nor was there a difference in hypertrophy in the arms after the 15 week study. (3)
This study is a real nail in the coffin for the exercise-induced hormones debate. If hormonal responses from training made a big difference, why was there no difference between the two groups? I had read plenty of articles in the past that said to do the large muscle groups first not just because your energy levels will be higher for the big moves but also because the larger muscle groups will increase your growth hormone levels and help build your smaller muscle groups better. They were right about the hormone levels, just not about actually building muscle.
So if growth hormone isn’t anabolic and its release (including actual anabolic hormones like testosterone) during training has minimal, if any affect on protein synthesis and hypertrophy, do they even matter? What roles do they play? Don’t worry we will cover all of that next time!
